![]() He argued that just as the various organs of the body work together to keep the body functioning, the various parts of society work together to keep society functioning (Spencer 1898). Functionalism grew out of the writings of English philosopher and biologist, Herbert Spencer (1820–1903), who saw similarities between society and the human body. Structural-functional theory, also called functionalism, sees society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of the individuals in that society. Functionalism emphasizes how various social institutions work together to meet the needs of a society. She works towards reframing a study of society that can reflect the realities and experiences of people beyond the confines of traditional constructs or concepts of gender, race, or economic status.Figure 1. For information, check out Wikipedia.ĭorothy Smith is one Canadian feminist theorist who has focused on how women have been marginalized in society. Current focuses for feminist theorists also includes the discrimination, the rights, and equal status of the LGBTQ community.At the micro level, feminist theorists study communication, attitudes, and values of men and women.At the macro level, feminist theorists study the economic systems and societal ideologies (beliefs) that give rise to inequality.Focuses on women’s experiences, gender roles, and socio-economic inequalities between men and women.They constructed society to keep themselves in power and to minimize the influence of the masses, creating class conflict.įeminist Theory examines social issues from both macro and micro perspectives, and focuses on the experience of gender. He saw the distribution of power as being top heavy that is, power was tightly controlled by the few individuals at the top who had money and influence. Marx observed power structures in society. For more information, check out Wikipedia. ![]() Because they did not have wealth nor power, the proletariat were really at the mercy of the bourgeoisie who were maintaining their own position of power. The working class were known as the proletariat.
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